Cairo is the hub of transportation in Egypt, and most of the country's population lives along the Nile. Egypt's transportation, whether by sea, river, land, or air, is the responsibility of the Ministry of Transportation and other government agencies.

Egypt's main rail line, which runs along the Nile and is operated by Egyptian National Railways, connects the country's rail, air, and waterways. Egypt Air operates domestic flights to popular tourist destinations from its Cairo hub in addition to international routes. Local transportation relies heavily on the 1,600-kilometer (990-mile) Nile River system and 1,600-kilometer (990-mile) principal canal network. The Nile is still used by people to get from Cairo to Aswan. The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, making it an important waterway for international trade and travel. Alexandria, Port Said, Damietta on the Mediterranean, and Suez and Safaga on the Red Sea are all important ports.

Egypt has one of the highest rates of road fatalities per mile driven in the world when it comes to driving. Over 33,796 kilometers (21,000 miles) of badly maintained roads connect the Nile Valley and Nile Delta, the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts, the Sinai, and the Western Oasis. Impatient drivers frequently disregard traffic regulations.