All of Iran's cities and most of its towns are connected by a long network of paved roads. Seventy-three percent of the country's 173,000 kilometers (107,000 miles) of roads were paved in 2011. In 2008, there were nearly 100 passenger cars for every 1,000 people.

11,106 kilometers (6,942 miles) of railroad track are used by trains. Bandar-Abbas in the Strait of Hormuz is the country's most important entry point. Trucks and freight trains transport imported goods throughout Iran once they reach the country. Bandar-Abbas is connected to the Central Asian railroad network via Tehran and Mashhad by the 1995 opening of the Tehran–Bandar-Abbas railroad. Bandar e-Anzali and Bandar e-Torkeman in the Caspian Sea and Khorramshahr and Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni in the Persian Gulf are two additional significant ports.

There are airports serving passenger and cargo planes in dozens of cities. Since its inception in 1962, Iran Air has operated both domestic and international flights.