In Venezuela, highways and airports are the center of transportation. The air (Venezuela's airports include the Simón Bolvar International Airport near Caracas and La Chinita International Airport near Maracaibo) and sea (with major seaports at La Guaira, Maracaibo, and Puerto Cabello) are the primary modes of transportation by which Venezuela connects to the rest of the world. Cross-border transportation is limited in the Amazon rainforest region's south and east; A mountainous border with Colombia extends over 1,375 miles (2,213 kilometers) to the west. The major industrial city of Ciudad Guayana is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Orinoco River, which is navigable by oceangoing vessels up to 400 kilometers inland.

The national railway system in Venezuela is limited and does not have any active rail connections to other nations. There are metro systems in several major cities; Since 1983, the Caracas Metro has been in operation. More recently, the Maracaibo Metro and the Valencia Metro opened. Venezuela ranks 47th in the world for the length of its road network, which is approximately 100,000 km. One-third of the roads are paved.

Around 80% of the country's public transportation systems are inoperable as of 2019.